Add into this ebikes. You need a course in electronics if you want to repair the motor, or wiring or control panel issues that arise. Add crap like AXS into the mix, and bikes have become ( like everything else ) more of an electronic appliance than a mechanical conveyance. And like most electronic appliances, they will either be brought to a shop to repair, under warranty if you're lucky, or simply tossed away. Or, they will sit broken, but unused, in a basement or garage once the owner finds out how costly it will be to repair. Obviously that applies mostly to the average user, not the obsessed enthusiast as most of us on this site are,who have spent more on an ebike than I have for my current street driven vehicle, but the average user outnumbers us by a considerable margin. I'm kinda glad I've shifted most of my riding time to horses. No electronic BS needed, wanted, or required.