I've been using presta valves in schraeder rims for over 10 years without any problems. The only reason I buy presta tubes is because I've had some rims that are drilled for presta and some that are drilled for schraeder, and since the presta tubes will fit in the schraeder rims but not vice versa, buying presta means that I'm sure that I'm never stuck with a tube that doesn't fit. Of course I suppose I could've drilled out the odd rims to accept the schraeder valves, but that never occurred to me.
I agree with previous posters that tightening the nut down on presta valves will inevitably cause flatting. I do keep them though, but leave them loose on the valve. I find they're helpful if I'm working on a tube with a shorter valve on a deeper rim, since it makes it easier to attach the pump to the valve when I would otherwise end up pushing the valve into the rim with the pump head. Note that I do back the nut off after I'm done inflating the tube.
As for compatibility with gas station air pumps, what I'll often do is get one of those presta/schraeder adapters and just use that in lieu of a valve cap on one wheel. Sure, the o-ring in the adapter may degrade after a while, but I've left them on for over a year at a time, and they're cheap for the flexibility that they provide.
One advantage I've noticed with using presta valves is that it's easier to fully deflate a tube, which makes it easier to pack if you're doing a trailside repair, or to unseat a bead (I don't use tire levers) if you've got an uncooperative rim/tire combo.
All of the above may be a moot point for me in a day or two. I've taken to running low pressures in my tires for traction at the cost of getting a pinch flat every few rides. I'm going to try converting one set of wheels to tubeless and see where that takes me...